The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of two research grant totaling $150,000 from The Hope Fund for 2023. The Hope Fund has funded over $828,000 in Canadian research to date.
Grant applications were received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee which is comprised of impartial and prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada. O.R.S.A. would like to thank all those individuals that applied for this grant.
The Hope Fund was established in 2014. The funds for this research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
We are pleased to award $100,000 to Dr. Ellis and Dr. Zani to support their research titled: Astrocyte-derived Extracellular Vesicles to Rescue Rett Syndrome Neurons.
LAY SUMMARY
Rett syndrome (RTT) astrocytes are less able to support maturation of synapses that interconnect neurons. Human astrocytes require the IGF1 receptor for optimal neuron support, and IGF1 is a promising RTT therapy. Astrocytes release small droplets called extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing messages in the form of genetic material called microRNA. EVs deliver the cargo to nearby neurons or into the bloodstream, and limited evidence suggests that healthy EVs rescue RTT neurons. Using ORSA and other funding, we produced astrocytes from healthy induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), isolated EVs and determined their microRNA cargo overlaps with those altered in RTT patient blood. We submitted a Stem Cell Network grant to test if healthy control EVs rescue RTT neuron activity.
To explore EV microRNAs as blood biomarkers for IGF1 drug treatment, it is essential to evaluate the EV cargo of RTT astrocytes. We are producing RTT patient astrocytes from stem cells and will determine which microRNAs have altered levels in RTT EVs compared to controls, and if IGF1 treatment normalizes the levels of microRNAs packaged into the RTT astrocyte EVs. The differential microRNAs corrected by IGF1 treatment will be candidate biomarkers, and their ability to rescue RTT neuron activity will be tested.
James Ellis, PhD
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Canada
Dr. Ellis completed his BSc at McGill University and his PhD at the University of Toronto with Dr. Alan Bernstein developing retrovirus vectors for gene targeting. His Post-Doctoral Fellowship studying the beta-globin Locus Control Region was mentored by Dr. Frank Grosveld in London UK. Dr. Ellis established his own research team at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto in 1994 with a focus on gene therapy for Sickle Cell Anemia. He subsequently developed MECP2 vectors for Rett syndrome, and vectors with reporter genes that mark specific cell types. For example, the EOS vectors express specifically in pluripotent stem cells and facilitate generation of patient induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells. The Ellis lab currently uses these iPS cells in collaborative research teams to model Rett syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorders and cardiomyopathies. New research directions concentrate on post-transcriptional regulation during human neurodevelopment, and the transfer of microRNA via extracellular vesicles. Dr. Ellis is Research Integrity Advisor at the Hospital for Sick Children.
Dr. Zani is a Neonatal and Paediatric Surgeon at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Associate Professor at the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, and Scientist in the Development and Stem Cell Biology Program at the Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, SickKids, Toronto, Canada. His clinical interests are congenital anomalies and minimally invasive surgery, and his research focuses on neonatal and pediatric conditions with high morbidity and mortality rates. The Zani lab studies extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanoparticles released by all cells for intercellular communication. As EVs carry cargo similar to their cells of origin, EVs can be pathogenesis mediators, biomarkers of disease severity, and therapeutic agents. Among various EV-based projects, the Zani lab has recently been investigating the signatures of EVs isolated from induced plurip
We are also pleased to award $50,000 to Dr Marie LE ROUX and Dr. Elsa ROSSIGNOL, for RESEARCH PROJECT: Electrophysiological non-invasive biomarkers in Rett Syndrome evaluation.
LAY SUMMARY
This prospective single-center study, conducted at the CHU de Sainte Justine (Montreal, Quebec), aims to develop new non-invasive biomarkers of Rett syndrome progression in a pediatric cohort. Version date 11/22/2021 These biomarkers are based on functional and spectral connectivity including measurements of coherence and cortical integration in electroencephalogram, and mismatch negativity by auditory evoked potentials. Prospective data with repeated measurements one year apart will be collected in patients and age-matched controls, and disease evolution and level of severity (standardized scales as RSBQ and CGI) will be compared between both time points. These values will serve as a baseline for comparison in future therapeutic trials. Indeed, the first gene therapy in Rett Syndrome (REVEAL study, Taysha) is being launched at Ste-Justine, initially in adults, with a subsequent pediatric phase considered if the therapy is well tolerated in adults. Similar electrophysiological measurements will be conducted in the adult patients but an understanding of the evolution of such neural signatures in pediatric age groups is lacking. We thus propose to assemble a first large pediatric Rett syndrome cohort to document the natural evolution of these electrophysiological signatures over time, and to address how these biomarkers evolve with disease progression and therapies.
Dr. Elsa Rossignol
Dr. Elsa Rossignol is a pediatric neurologist at the CHU Sainte-Justine and an associate professor of clinics in the departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics at the Université de Montréal. She is the recipient of the Canada Research Chair on the Neurobiology of epilepsy. Her research aims to clarify the molecular and cellular basis of pediatric epilepsies. Using Next Generation Sequencing in large cohorts of patients, her lab contributed to the identification of dozens of novel epilepsy genes. Furthermore, her lab uses multimodal approaches to study the network mechanisms by which mutations in these genes result in epilepsy and cognitive deficits, with a focus on their impact on network inhibition. Her recent work revealed the key role of cortical disinhibition in genetic generalized epilepsies with cognitive deficits, and the therapeutic benefits of re-establishing network inhibition on seizures, attention and cognitive flexibility. In addition, Dr. Rossignol is the Director of the Integrated Rett Syndrome Clinic at the CHU Sainte-Justine. Her clinical research on Rett syndrome aims to identify better biomarkers of disease progression, to optimize clinical scales to track disease state and to explore novel therapeutic options, including gene therapy. In particular, she is the lead PI for the REVEAL gene therapy trial for Rett syndrome (Taysha, NCT05606614). Altogether, as a clinician-scientist working in the field of rare diseases, Dr. Rossignol aims to advance care for children with genetic neurodevelopmental disorders including Rett syndrome.
Dr. Marie Le Roux
Dr. Marie Le Roux is a pediatric epileptology fellow at the CHU Sainte-Justine. She achieved her pediatric neurology residency in France, and a Master’s Degree in Neuroscience at Paris-Sorbonne University, France. She has particular interest in electrophysiology. She recently worked on high resolution EEG and source localisation in focal refractory epilepsies. Her main interest concerns electrophysiology in neurogenetic patients. She recently integrated the Rett Syndrome Clinic at the CHU Sainte-Justine. Her clinical research on Rett syndrome aims to identify non invasive biomarkers of disease progression through electrophysiology in order to help generate normative data in this population, which will serve as a baseline to compare post-therapy data in the context of future therapeutic interventions, including gene therapy.
“We are thrilled to award the 2023 Hope Fund Grant to Drs, Ellis, Zani, Le Roux Rossignol,” said Sabrina Millson, President of the Ontario Rett Syndrome Association. “Their proposals are both innovative and promising, and we believe they have the potential to make a significant impact on the Rett Syndrome community.”
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Board
2022
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of one research grant totaling $50,000 from The Hope Fund for 2022. The Hope Fund has funded over $678,000 in Canadian research to date.
Grant applications were received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee which is comprised of impartial and prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada. O.R.S.A. would like to thank all those individuals that applied for this grant.
The Hope Fund was established in 2014. The funds for this research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
We are pleased to award $50,000 plus indirect costs to Dr. Ellis and Dr. Zani to support their research titled: Astrocyte-derived Extracellular Vesicles to Rescue Rett Syndrome Neurons
Lay Summary:
Rett syndrome (RTT) neurons have shorter extensionscalled dendrites, and fewer synapses that interconnect neurons.RTT astrocytes are less ableto support maturation of these dendrites and synapses. Astrocytes release small dropletscalled exosomes containingmessages in the form of genetic material called microRNA.Exosomesdeliver thecargo to nearby neurons or into the bloodstream, and limitedevidence (PNAS2019) suggeststhathealthy exosomes rescueRTT neurons. However, it is not known if theexosomes are fromastrocytes, and their microRNA cargo was not examined.We willpurify exosomes from human astrocytes andtest their ability to rescue the shapeand activity of RTT neurons. First, we will produceastrocytes fromhealthy and RTT patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Exosomes will be isolated, and theirqualitydetermined by electron microscopyandprotein markers.The microRNA cargo will be sequencedand the exosomes testedfor rescue of RTT neuron shapeand activity. We expect to findonly healthyexosomes are able to rescue, and that specificmicroRNAs are responsible. Our findings will advance the understanding of astrocyte biology,and will define a role forastrocyte microRNAs for rescuing RTT neuronsas a step towardsa potentialexosome mediatedtreatment.
James Ellis, PhD
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Canada
Dr. Ellis completed his BSc at McGill University and his PhD at the University of Toronto with Dr. Alan Bernstein developing retrovirus vectors for gene targeting. His Post-Doctoral Fellowship studying the beta-globin Locus Control Region was mentored by Dr. Frank Grosveld in London UK. Dr. Ellis established his own research team at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto in 1994 with a focus on gene therapy for Sickle Cell Anemia. He subsequently developed MECP2 vectors for Rett syndrome, and vectors with reporter genes that mark specific cell types. For example, the EOS vectors express specifically in pluripotent stem cells and facilitate generation of patient induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells. The Ellis lab currently uses these iPS cells in collaborative research teams to model Rett syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorders and cardiomyopathies. New research directions concentrate on post-transcriptional regulation during human neurodevelopment, and the transfer of microRNA via extracellular vesicles. Dr. Ellis is Research Integrity Advisor at the Hospital for Sick Children.
Dr. Zani is a Neonatal and Paediatric Surgeon at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Associate Professor at the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, and Scientist in the Development and Stem Cell Biology Program at the Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, SickKids, Toronto, Canada. His clinical interests are congenital anomalies and minimally invasive surgery, and his research focuses on neonatal and pediatric conditions with high morbidity and mortality rates. The Zani lab studies extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanoparticles released by all cells for intercellular communication. As EVs carry cargo similar to their cells of origin, EVs can be pathogenesis mediators, biomarkers of disease severity, and therapeutic agents. Among various EV-based projects, the Zani lab has recently been investigating the signatures of EVs isolated from induced plurip
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of two research grants totalling $78,750 from The Hope Fund for 2021. This is the second largest amount approved in a single year and with this release, The Hope Fund has funded over $600,000 in Canadian research to date.
O.R.S.A. has awarded $25,000 plus indirect costs to Dr. Alex Weber’s study entitled Functional, Metabolic, and Structural MRI Findings in Rett Syndrome. Dr Alex Weber is a newer researcher to the Canadian Rett syndrome field. He intends to study white matter differences between individuals with Rett syndrome and age-matched controls, and explore the associations between clinical severity and MRI findings, hoping that this may eventually lead to future targeted therapy. This is a pilot study which hopes to lead to further and larger grants through the Canadian Institute of Health Research.
O.R.S.A. has also awarded $50,000 to Dr Mojgan Rastegar’s study is entitled Targeting the molecular and structural abnormalities of brain cells for Rett Syndrome. She is a two-time past shared-award winner, and a very prominent Rett syndrome researcher in Canada who has shown passion, dedication, and persistence toward Rett syndrome research. Her study plans to explore whether the molecular and cellular changes in Rett syndrome brains affect the brain uniformly or are more region-specific, and to further explore the potential for a current existing drug (metformin) to play a rescue role at a cellular level. This was a well-reviewed research proposal from a well-established Canadian researcher.
Grant applications were received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee which is comprised of impartial and prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada. O.R.S.A. would like to thank all those individuals that applied for this grant.
The Hope Fund was established in 2014. The funds for this research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
Dr. Alex Weber
Dr. Alex Weber, as a neuroimaging scientist, applies non-invasive imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, to help neuroscientists and clinicians better understand brain health, brain disorders, and potential treatments for brain disorders. His long-term goal is to develop specific and sensitive quantitative biomarkers of anatomical, functional and metabolic characteristics of brain health in newborns and children. Early recognition and classification combined with brain interventions are key in the prevention or reduction of progressive and chronic lifelong disabilities such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and behavioural and learning disorders. Currently, objective neuroimaging markers of treatment responses are urgently needed to accelerate clinical trials and focus our search for effective treatments. Over the past decade (four-year PhD, four-year postdoctoral fellow, and two years as an Assistant Professor), he has developed the expertise for a wide range of advanced MRI techniques, and made discoveries in brain health in newborns, children and youth. This work has been widely disseminated through publications, media interviews, presentations, clinical/radiology engagement, and open science avenues.
Dr. Mojgan Rastegar
Dr. Mojgan Rastegar is a Professor of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, at the University of Manitoba. Dr. Rastegar obtained a PhD degree in Biomedical Sciences from the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium, and performed her postdoctoral trainings at the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada), McGill University (Montreal, Canada), and Indiana University-Purdue University (Indianapolis, USA). Dr. Rastegar research program is focused on the molecular mechanisms that control brain development and their involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders including Rett Syndrome (RTT). To study RTT mechanism of disease, Dr. Rastegar laboratory uses a combination of murine and human in vivo and in vitro systems that includes primary neural stem cells, human brain cell lines, transgenic mice, and post-mortem human brain tissues. Dr. Rastegar has recently established the Human Rett Syndrome Brain Bio-Repository Laboratory in Manitoba, through the support of O.R.S.A. and private donations. This laboratory currently includes a cohort of male and female human brain tissues from RTT patients at different ages with age- and sex-matched non-RTT human control brains. An objective of Dr. Rastegar research program is to understand how molecular and cellular deficiencies in the human RTT brains lead to the associated disease phenotypes in patients. Her research program further seeks to determine what is commonly impacted amongst RTT patients and other RTT model systems. The outcome of her research studies is expected to identify novel therapeutic strategies for MeCP2-associated rare and common neurodevelopmental disorders that currently have no available cure.
Over the years, Dr. Rastegar’s research program has been supported by national, international, and local funding, and she has published over 50 peer-reviewed papers, 15 of them being on Rett Syndrome and MeCP2. Many of her trainees have been authors of these publications and her students have been successful in obtaining national scholarships including CIHR and NSERC studentships.
Dr. Rastegar is part of Board of Directors at the Canadian Society of Molecular Biosciences (CSMB). She is also an Editorial Board member of reputable journals such as Scientific Reports, Frontiers in Genetics, Neural Plasticity, Frontiers in Cell & Developmental Biology.
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) is a volunteer, not-for-profit charity for parents, caregivers, researchers, medical professionals and other interested support agencies and individuals. O.R.S.A. became incorporated in 1991. Its Board of Directors is comprised of parents and caring citizens. Support is provided to families regionally. The association funds Canadian research projects, three Rett Syndrome Clinics, bi-annual conferences and developed the Canadian Rett Syndrome Registry. O.R.S.A. advocates to the needs of individuals with Rett syndrome and their families provincially and nationally.
2019
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of two research grants totaling $150,000 from the Hope Fund for 2019. This is the largest amount approved in a single year. With this release, the Hope Fund has funded over $500,000 in Canadian research to date.
$100,000 is awarded to Dr. John Vincent and Dr. Juan Ausio. Their project, entitled Therapeutic small molecules and peptides targeting missense mutations in Rett Syndrome, hopes to find molecules that interact with mutant MECP2 proteins in such a way as to make good candidates for drug therapy. They have already received an award for free molecular design, which will be able to screen ~10 million molecules to find ones that will target specific residues within the MECP2 binding domain. They will then be able to test the successful candidate molecules to see which will reverse the molecular deficits in MECP2, paving the way for preclinical studies. Reviewers have stated that these “precision medicine approaches are at the forefront of neuroscience”.
$50,000 is awarded to Dr. James Eubanks for his project entitled A Preclinical Trial In MeCP2-Deficient Mice To Test The Repurposing Potential Of An FDA-Approved Drug For Use In Rett Syndrome. This proposal is aimed at providing symptomatic treatment to reduce the burden of mitochondrial dysfunction in Rett Syndrome, using an already-FDA-approved drug. This study is based on promising preliminary mouse data and is simple in concept and scope. It has the most immediate relevance to individuals with Rett syndrome as it is investigating the potential for a drug already in circulation to be used to ameliorate symptoms.
Grant applications were received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee which is comprised of impartial and prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada. O.R.S.A. would like to thank all those individuals that applied for this grant.
The Hope Fund was established in 2014.The funds for this research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
Dr John B. Vincent completed his Ph.D. at University College London, UK, in 1994. His work included early genetic studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with Profs. Hugh Gurling, Patrick Bolton and Sir Michael Rutter. After moving to Canada in 1995, he worked with Dr Jim Kennedy at the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, then with Dr Steve Scherer at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Since 2002, he has worked as a Senior Scientist at CAMH, and Professor, Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and cross-appointed as a full member in the Institute of Medical Science at the University of Toronto. His work is mainly on the genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders, including Rett syndrome, focussing on X-linked genes such as MECP2 and PTCHD1, as well as identifying many new autosomal recessive genes through studying consanguineous families. Many of the genes discovered have since become integrated in standard genetic diagnostic testing gene panels. In 2004, he co-authored a seminal paper on the identification of an alternative version (isoform) of the Rett syndrome protein, MeCP2, and identifying the first Rett mutation in MECP2 exon 1, with the implication that this new version is the relevant isoform for Rett syndrome (Mnatzakanian et al, 2004). This has since been shown by numerous studies to be correct (e.g. Yasui et al, 2014). Dr Vincent’s group also identified the gene PTCHD1 as a new X-linked gene for ASD (Marshall et al, 2008; Noor et al, 2010; Chaudhry et al, 2015; Ung et al, 2018). Dr Vincent has published over 150 peer-reviewed research papers, including 11 on Rett syndrome and MECP2.
Dr. Juan Ausió, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology at the University of Victoria, BC, Canada. He received his B. Sc. from the University of Barcelona, Catalonia, (Spain). He received a M.Sc. and a Ph. D. from the University of Barcelona, Catalonia, (Spain) in 1976 and 1980, respectively. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the Polymer Department at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, from 1981-1984 and at the Department. of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA from 1984-1986. From 1986-1988 he became a Senior Research Associate at Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. In 1988-1989 he was appointed Colaborador Cientifico at the Spanish Research Council at the Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. He has been a Faculty member of the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology at the University of Victoria since January 1990, where he is currently a full Professor. Dr. Juan Ausió’s research interests focus on structural characterization of biological macromolecular assemblies, and nuclear proteins with special emphasis on chromosomal protein-DNA interactions. Current research includes studies on methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and its role in the modulation of neural cell chromatin organization and function with special emphasis on the alterations arising from Rett-syndrome-related MeCP2 mutations. Dr. Ausió has been the co-organizer of several European Rett syndrome meetings: The First International meeting of the Spanish Association of Rett Syndrome (AESR) in Spain (July 2017) and “Rett syndrome research, towards the future” in Italy (September 2018).
Dr. Eubanks is a neurobiologist at the Krembil Research Institute in Toronto, Canada – the home of the world champion Toronto Raptors. Dr. Eubanks came to Toronto in 1992, and started his own independent laboratory in 1994. The focus of his work at that time focused on defining how epigenetic factors influence the sensitivity of the brain to epilepsy and stroke. In the early 90’s, MeCP2 was one of a relatively small number of epigenetic factors that had been identified, which is why his group was examining MeCP2 before its role in Rett syndrome was revealed. With the identification in 1999 that MECP2 mutations cause Rett syndrome, his interests shifted towards delineating how MeCP2 normally regulates brain development and function, and to identifying how the absence of MeCP2 affects brain activity. By identifying deficits caused by MeCP2 dysfunction, his work has identified targets for rationale drug development programs working to develop Rett syndrome treatments. The first clinical trial based on his research has now received approval from Health Canada and will soon begin. Dr. Eubanks conducted his training in the United States, where he received a bachelor’s degree from the University of California, Davis, and a PhD degree from the University of California, San Diego. Upon completion of his Doctoral degree, he then conducted postdoctoral training at the Salk Institute and at Duke University before coming to Toronto. He is currently a Senior Scientist and Division Head at the Krembil Research Institute in Toronto, and a Professor at the University of Toronto. He is member of the Scientific Advisory Board for the Ontario Rett Syndrome Association, the International Rett Syndrome Foundation, and the University of Toronto Epilepsy Research Program. His lab is currently funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Ontario Brain Institute, the LouLou Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health.
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) is a volunteer, not-for-profit charity for parents, caregivers, researchers, medical professionals and other interested support agencies and individuals. O.R.S.A. became incorporated in 1991. Its Board of Directors is comprised of parents and caring citizens. Support is provided to families regionally. The association funds Canadian research projects, three Rett Syndrome Clinics, bi-annual conferences and developed the Canadian Rett Syndrome Registry. O.R.S.A. advocates to the needs of individuals with Rett syndrome and their families provincially and nationally.
2018
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of two $25,000 Research Grants from the Hope Fund for 2018. This is the fourth year in a row that the Hope Fund has awarded grants totaling $250,000!
The first $25,000 grant was awarded to Dr Mojgan Rastegar from the University of Manitoba. Dr Mojgan Rastegar plans to further study the role of metformin (a current and commonly available drug, used most frequently in the treatment in diabetes) as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of Rett Syndrome. Metformin is thought to possibly stimulate the key system that is underactive in Rett Syndrome. There is already a considerable amount of preliminary data to support this line of reasoning. This study aims to help take this “to the next level”. Dr Rastegar has been a prominent Rett Syndrome researcher for a number of years, and is a past grant winner who has shown passion, dedication, and persistence toward Rett research.
The second $25,000 grant was awarded to Dr Kerry Delaney to study neural connectivity in mosaic brain tissues using newer optogenetic techniques, hoping to shed further light on the clinical implications of the real-world heterozygosity in female Rett syndrome brains. It is hoped that this preliminary study may lay the foundation for future studies and for larger CIHR grant applications. It also will help to bring new researchers into the Rett field. One reviewer has described this proposal as being “at the cutting edge of technology, and addresses an area that until now has remained untouchable”.
These applications were received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee that comprised impartial and prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada.
2017
London Ontario – May 5, 2017 – The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of a $100,000 Research Grant to Dr. David Grynspan (Pediatric Pathologist, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON). The study is entitled “Treatment Strategies for Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Rett Syndrome” and Dr. Grynspan’s collaborators for this work include Professor William Staines of the University of Ottawa and Dr. Sarah Schock, Research Associate at the CHEO Research Institute. This application was one of several received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee that comprised of prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada.
This study aims to identify drugs able to restore normal intestinal function in Rett mice. The goal is that this would lead to effective drug therapy for intestinal dysmotility in Rett humans, and perhaps help to develop therapies for reversing neuronal connectivity problems in Rett brains. It is a rather novel approach in that this study plans to evaluate the enteric (ie- gut) nervous system, rather than directly studying the central nervous system as in most other studies. It is felt that this study, given its novel approach and its focus on a very common area of clinical concern, would be of scientific value to the research community at large as well as of great interest to the families most directly supported by O.R.S.A.
The Hope Fund was established in 2014. This is the third grant being released from this fund and the largest grant released by O.R.S.A. to date. The funds for this research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
2016
London, Ontario – April 29, 2016 – The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of two $25,000 Research Grants from The Hope Fund. The Hope Fund was established in 2014 and this is the second year that grants have been released from this fund. The funds for these research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
The first $25,000 grant was awarded to Dr. James Eubanks from Toronto Western Hospital with an application entitled “Testing new read-through drugs for prospective treatment of Rett Syndrome”. Testing new read-through drugs for prospective treatment of Rett Syndrome”. This study aims to evaluate the potential for newer drugs to overcome certain genetic mutations found in Rett Syndrome, in turn leading to production of a normal MeCP2 protein. This could potentially lead to further studies geared toward larger therapeutic development. This study has been peer-reviewed by 3 separate and unbiased reviewers and has been unanimously endorsed as highly relevant and very feasible.
The second $25,000 grant was awarded to Dr Mojgan Rastegar from the University of Manitoba. Her study is entitled “MeCP2 mutation and Rett Syndrome; Investigating the brain-specific molecular signature of murine and human RTT brain”. These applications were received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee that comprised impartial and prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada. This study aims to evaluate the potential differences in male vs female brains (both mouse and human) with Rett Syndrome mutations. The rationale for this is that most people with Rett Syndrome are female, yet many of the studies to date have been conducted on male mouse models. Dr. Rastegar aims to evaluate if there are significant differences here and if this needs to be further evaluated for future planned studies.
2015
London, Ontario – March 27, 2015 – The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of a $50,000 Research Grant to a joint grant application from Dr. Juan Ausio (Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, BC) and Dr. John Vincent (Neurogenetics, University of Toronto).
Their application was one of several received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee that comprised of prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada. It is entitled “Translational correlation of MeCP2 chromatin alterations in male and female missense mutations” and is a collaboration between two world-renowned investigators, with concise and achievable objectives.
The project revolves around the study of specific identified mutations in Rett syndrome (RTT) and aims to further the understanding of the pathogenesis of RTT and develop new insights into the factors affecting clinical phenotypes in RTT. DNA is the molecule responsible for the storage, retrieval and replication of the genetic material. In the nucleus of the cell, DNA interacts with proteins known as histones and the resulting association is called chromatin. In the brain, an additional highly abundant chromatin protein, MeCP2, is present that binds preferentially to methylated regions of DNA. Mutations of MeCP2 cause an impairment of the binding of this protein to DNA and hence to chromatin. Such alterations result in the Rett syndrome neurodevelopmental disease. Mutations of MeCP2 across the entire MeCP2 molecule are deleterious to different extents, all of them leading to Rett cases with different degrees of severity. However, neither the reason for this, nor the alterations of chromatin responsible, nor their relation to the extent of severity of the Rett syndrome outcomes are clearly understood. The idea behind this project is to combine the expertise of two well established groups in Canada working on MeCP2 and Rett syndrome to address such questions for two novel mutations of MeCP2:( Ala2Val) identified in three girls with classic Rett syndrome), and (Prol 52His) affecting the methyl binding domain (MBD)I, identified in an adult male with intellectual disability with additional comorbid features. This could potentially lead to further future studies aimed at discovering newer drug therapies.
The Hope Fund was established in 2014. This is the first grant being released from this fund and the largest grant released by O.R.S.A. to date. The funds for this research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
2012
The board of O.R.S.A. unanimously approved the funding of up to $25,000.00 to sponsor the second Canadian Rett Syndrome Research Scientific meeting held on Thursday, April 26th, 2012. Over twenty-five researchers from across Canada came together at the Delta Meadowvale Hotel to meet each other, to share their RTT research project and to generate future research collaborations. In 2006 the first Canadian Rett Syndrome Research meeting was held in Vancouver, BC. O.R.S.A. provided funds towards the 2006 meeting. As expected the 2012 scientific meeting was a huge success. The difference from the 2006 meeting is there are over double the amount of researchers attending. Rett syndrome research in Canada is expanding rapidly. Findings from Canadian research projects are providing vital information to the world wide research community. O.R.S.A. is proud to fund and host this event and to support Canadian Rett syndrome research.
2011
London, Ontario – July 25, 2011 – The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of a $25,000 Research Grant to Dr. Yaron Finkelstein, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Toronto and staff physician at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.
Dr. Finkelstein’s research grant proposal submission, entitled Dose-Response Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Recombinant Human IGF-1 in Girls with Rett Syndrome, was evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee. This committee is comprised of prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada assisted by members of O.R.S.A.’s Board of Directors. Dr. Finkelstein’s project is a collaborative venture with Boston Children’s Hospital. Additional investigators involved include Matt Gregas, PhD, Ingrid Holm, MD, MPH, Omar Khwaja, MD, PhD, Leonard Rappaport, MD and Mriganka Sur, PhD.
2010
London, Ontario – September 20, 2010 – The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of a $35,000 Research Grant to Dr. John J. Greer, PhD, AHFMR Scientist and Professor, Department of Physiology at the University of Alberta.
Dr. Greer’s research grant proposal submission, entitled Investigation of RespiratoryDysfunction in a Mouse, was evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee. This committee is comprised of prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada assisted by members of O.R.S.A.’s Board of Directors. Dr. Greer’s project collaborators include Jun Ren, Postdoctoral Fellow and Wei Zhang, Research Associate.
Past Research Grants
2023
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of two research grant totaling $150,000 from The Hope Fund for 2023. The Hope Fund has funded over $828,000 in Canadian research to date.
Grant applications were received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee which is comprised of impartial and prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada. O.R.S.A. would like to thank all those individuals that applied for this grant.
The Hope Fund was established in 2014. The funds for this research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
We are pleased to award $100,000 to Dr. Ellis and Dr. Zani to support their research titled: Astrocyte-derived Extracellular Vesicles to Rescue Rett Syndrome Neurons.
LAY SUMMARY
Rett syndrome (RTT) astrocytes are less able to support maturation of synapses that interconnect neurons. Human astrocytes require the IGF1 receptor for optimal neuron support, and IGF1 is a promising RTT therapy. Astrocytes release small droplets called extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing messages in the form of genetic material called microRNA. EVs deliver the cargo to nearby neurons or into the bloodstream, and limited evidence suggests that healthy EVs rescue RTT neurons. Using ORSA and other funding, we produced astrocytes from healthy induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), isolated EVs and determined their microRNA cargo overlaps with those altered in RTT patient blood. We submitted a Stem Cell Network grant to test if healthy control EVs rescue RTT neuron activity.
To explore EV microRNAs as blood biomarkers for IGF1 drug treatment, it is essential to evaluate the EV cargo of RTT astrocytes. We are producing RTT patient astrocytes from stem cells and will determine which microRNAs have altered levels in RTT EVs compared to controls, and if IGF1 treatment normalizes the levels of microRNAs packaged into the RTT astrocyte EVs. The differential microRNAs corrected by IGF1 treatment will be candidate biomarkers, and their ability to rescue RTT neuron activity will be tested.
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Canada
Dr. Ellis completed his BSc at McGill University and his PhD at the University of Toronto with Dr. Alan Bernstein developing retrovirus vectors for gene targeting. His Post-Doctoral Fellowship studying the beta-globin Locus Control Region was mentored by Dr. Frank Grosveld in London UK. Dr. Ellis established his own research team at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto in 1994 with a focus on gene therapy for Sickle Cell Anemia. He subsequently developed MECP2 vectors for Rett syndrome, and vectors with reporter genes that mark specific cell types. For example, the EOS vectors express specifically in pluripotent stem cells and facilitate generation of patient induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells. The Ellis lab currently uses these iPS cells in collaborative research teams to model Rett syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorders and cardiomyopathies. New research directions concentrate on post-transcriptional regulation during human neurodevelopment, and the transfer of microRNA via extracellular vesicles. Dr. Ellis is Research Integrity Advisor at the Hospital for Sick Children.
Ellis Lab website http://lab.research.sickkids.ca/ellis/
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Canada
Dr. Zani is a Neonatal and Paediatric Surgeon at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Associate Professor at the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, and Scientist in the Development and Stem Cell Biology Program at the Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, SickKids, Toronto, Canada. His clinical interests are congenital anomalies and minimally invasive surgery, and his research focuses on neonatal and pediatric conditions with high morbidity and mortality rates. The Zani lab studies extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanoparticles released by all cells for intercellular communication. As EVs carry cargo similar to their cells of origin, EVs can be pathogenesis mediators, biomarkers of disease severity, and therapeutic agents. Among various EV-based projects, the Zani lab has recently been investigating the signatures of EVs isolated from induced plurip
Zani Lab website: https://lab.research.sickkids.ca/zani/
We are also pleased to award $50,000 to Dr Marie LE ROUX and Dr. Elsa ROSSIGNOL, for RESEARCH PROJECT: Electrophysiological non-invasive biomarkers in Rett Syndrome evaluation.
LAY SUMMARY
This prospective single-center study, conducted at the CHU de Sainte Justine (Montreal, Quebec), aims to develop new non-invasive biomarkers of Rett syndrome progression in a pediatric cohort. Version date 11/22/2021 These biomarkers are based on functional and spectral connectivity including measurements of coherence and cortical integration in electroencephalogram, and mismatch negativity by auditory evoked potentials. Prospective data with repeated measurements one year apart will be collected in patients and age-matched controls, and disease evolution and level of severity (standardized scales as RSBQ and CGI) will be compared between both time points. These values will serve as a baseline for comparison in future therapeutic trials. Indeed, the first gene therapy in Rett Syndrome (REVEAL study, Taysha) is being launched at Ste-Justine, initially in adults, with a subsequent pediatric phase considered if the therapy is well tolerated in adults. Similar electrophysiological measurements will be conducted in the adult patients but an understanding of the evolution of such neural signatures in pediatric age groups is lacking. We thus propose to assemble a first large pediatric Rett syndrome cohort to document the natural evolution of these electrophysiological signatures over time, and to address how these biomarkers evolve with disease progression and therapies.
Dr. Elsa Rossignol is a pediatric neurologist at the CHU Sainte-Justine and an associate professor of clinics in the departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics at the Université de Montréal. She is the recipient of the Canada Research Chair on the Neurobiology of epilepsy. Her research aims to clarify the molecular and cellular basis of pediatric epilepsies. Using Next Generation Sequencing in large cohorts of patients, her lab contributed to the identification of dozens of novel epilepsy genes. Furthermore, her lab uses multimodal approaches to study the network mechanisms by which mutations in these genes result in epilepsy and cognitive deficits, with a focus on their impact on network inhibition. Her recent work revealed the key role of cortical disinhibition in genetic generalized epilepsies with cognitive deficits, and the therapeutic benefits of re-establishing network inhibition on seizures, attention and cognitive flexibility. In addition, Dr. Rossignol is the Director of the Integrated Rett Syndrome Clinic at the CHU Sainte-Justine. Her clinical research on Rett syndrome aims to identify better biomarkers of disease progression, to optimize clinical scales to track disease state and to explore novel therapeutic options, including gene therapy. In particular, she is the lead PI for the REVEAL gene therapy trial for Rett syndrome (Taysha, NCT05606614). Altogether, as a clinician-scientist working in the field of rare diseases, Dr. Rossignol aims to advance care for children with genetic neurodevelopmental disorders including Rett syndrome.
Dr. Marie Le Roux is a pediatric epileptology fellow at the CHU Sainte-Justine. She achieved her pediatric neurology residency in France, and a Master’s Degree in Neuroscience at Paris-Sorbonne University, France. She has particular interest in electrophysiology. She recently worked on high resolution EEG and source localisation in focal refractory epilepsies. Her main interest concerns electrophysiology in neurogenetic patients. She recently integrated the Rett Syndrome Clinic at the CHU Sainte-Justine. Her clinical research on Rett syndrome aims to identify non invasive biomarkers of disease progression through electrophysiology in order to help generate normative data in this population, which will serve as a baseline to compare post-therapy data in the context of future therapeutic interventions, including gene therapy.
“We are thrilled to award the 2023 Hope Fund Grant to Drs, Ellis, Zani, Le Roux Rossignol,” said Sabrina Millson, President of the Ontario Rett Syndrome Association. “Their proposals are both innovative and promising, and we believe they have the potential to make a significant impact on the Rett Syndrome community.”
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Board
2022
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of one research grant totaling $50,000 from The Hope Fund for 2022. The Hope Fund has funded over $678,000 in Canadian research to date.
Grant applications were received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee which is comprised of impartial and prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada. O.R.S.A. would like to thank all those individuals that applied for this grant.
The Hope Fund was established in 2014. The funds for this research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
We are pleased to award $50,000 plus indirect costs to Dr. Ellis and Dr. Zani to support their research titled: Astrocyte-derived Extracellular Vesicles to Rescue Rett Syndrome Neurons
Lay Summary:
Rett syndrome (RTT) neurons have shorter extensionscalled dendrites, and fewer synapses that interconnect neurons.RTT astrocytes are less ableto support maturation of these dendrites and synapses. Astrocytes release small dropletscalled exosomes containingmessages in the form of genetic material called microRNA.Exosomesdeliver thecargo to nearby neurons or into the bloodstream, and limitedevidence (PNAS2019) suggeststhathealthy exosomes rescueRTT neurons. However, it is not known if theexosomes are fromastrocytes, and their microRNA cargo was not examined.We willpurify exosomes from human astrocytes andtest their ability to rescue the shapeand activity of RTT neurons. First, we will produceastrocytes fromhealthy and RTT patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Exosomes will be isolated, and theirqualitydetermined by electron microscopyandprotein markers.The microRNA cargo will be sequencedand the exosomes testedfor rescue of RTT neuron shapeand activity. We expect to findonly healthyexosomes are able to rescue, and that specificmicroRNAs are responsible. Our findings will advance the understanding of astrocyte biology,and will define a role forastrocyte microRNAs for rescuing RTT neuronsas a step towardsa potentialexosome mediatedtreatment.
James Ellis, PhD
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Canada
Dr. Ellis completed his BSc at McGill University and his PhD at the University of Toronto with Dr. Alan Bernstein developing retrovirus vectors for gene targeting. His Post-Doctoral Fellowship studying the beta-globin Locus Control Region was mentored by Dr. Frank Grosveld in London UK. Dr. Ellis established his own research team at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto in 1994 with a focus on gene therapy for Sickle Cell Anemia. He subsequently developed MECP2 vectors for Rett syndrome, and vectors with reporter genes that mark specific cell types. For example, the EOS vectors express specifically in pluripotent stem cells and facilitate generation of patient induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells. The Ellis lab currently uses these iPS cells in collaborative research teams to model Rett syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorders and cardiomyopathies. New research directions concentrate on post-transcriptional regulation during human neurodevelopment, and the transfer of microRNA via extracellular vesicles. Dr. Ellis is Research Integrity Advisor at the Hospital for Sick Children.
Ellis Lab website http://lab.research.sickkids.ca/ellis/
Augusto Zani, MD, PhD
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Canada
Dr. Zani is a Neonatal and Paediatric Surgeon at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Associate Professor at the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, and Scientist in the Development and Stem Cell Biology Program at the Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, SickKids, Toronto, Canada. His clinical interests are congenital anomalies and minimally invasive surgery, and his research focuses on neonatal and pediatric conditions with high morbidity and mortality rates. The Zani lab studies extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanoparticles released by all cells for intercellular communication. As EVs carry cargo similar to their cells of origin, EVs can be pathogenesis mediators, biomarkers of disease severity, and therapeutic agents. Among various EV-based projects, the Zani lab has recently been investigating the signatures of EVs isolated from induced plurip
Zani Lab website: https://lab.research.sickkids.ca/zani/
2021
July 25, 2021
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of two research grants totalling $78,750 from The Hope Fund for 2021. This is the second largest amount approved in a single year and with this release, The Hope Fund has funded over $600,000 in Canadian research to date.
O.R.S.A. has awarded $25,000 plus indirect costs to Dr. Alex Weber’s study entitled Functional, Metabolic, and Structural MRI Findings in Rett Syndrome. Dr Alex Weber is a newer researcher to the Canadian Rett syndrome field. He intends to study white matter differences between individuals with Rett syndrome and age-matched controls, and explore the associations between clinical severity and MRI findings, hoping that this may eventually lead to future targeted therapy. This is a pilot study which hopes to lead to further and larger grants through the Canadian Institute of Health Research.
O.R.S.A. has also awarded $50,000 to Dr Mojgan Rastegar’s study is entitled Targeting the molecular and structural abnormalities of brain cells for Rett Syndrome. She is a two-time past shared-award winner, and a very prominent Rett syndrome researcher in Canada who has shown passion, dedication, and persistence toward Rett syndrome research. Her study plans to explore whether the molecular and cellular changes in Rett syndrome brains affect the brain uniformly or are more region-specific, and to further explore the potential for a current existing drug (metformin) to play a rescue role at a cellular level. This was a well-reviewed research proposal from a well-established Canadian researcher.
Grant applications were received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee which is comprised of impartial and prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada. O.R.S.A. would like to thank all those individuals that applied for this grant.
The Hope Fund was established in 2014. The funds for this research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
Dr. Alex Weber, as a neuroimaging scientist, applies non-invasive imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, to help neuroscientists and clinicians better understand brain health, brain disorders, and potential treatments for brain disorders. His long-term goal is to develop specific and sensitive quantitative biomarkers of anatomical, functional and metabolic characteristics of brain health in newborns and children. Early recognition and classification combined with brain interventions are key in the prevention or reduction of progressive and chronic lifelong disabilities such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and behavioural and learning disorders. Currently, objective neuroimaging markers of treatment responses are urgently needed to accelerate clinical trials and focus our search for effective treatments. Over the past decade (four-year PhD, four-year postdoctoral fellow, and two years as an Assistant Professor), he has developed the expertise for a wide range of advanced MRI techniques, and made discoveries in brain health in newborns, children and youth. This work has been widely disseminated through publications, media interviews, presentations, clinical/radiology engagement, and open science avenues.
Dr. Mojgan Rastegar is a Professor of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, at the University of Manitoba. Dr. Rastegar obtained a PhD degree in Biomedical Sciences from the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium, and performed her postdoctoral trainings at the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada), McGill University (Montreal, Canada), and Indiana University-Purdue University (Indianapolis, USA). Dr. Rastegar research program is focused on the molecular mechanisms that control brain development and their involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders including Rett Syndrome (RTT). To study RTT mechanism of disease, Dr. Rastegar laboratory uses a combination of murine and human in vivo and in vitro systems that includes primary neural stem cells, human brain cell lines, transgenic mice, and post-mortem human brain tissues. Dr. Rastegar has recently established the Human Rett Syndrome Brain Bio-Repository Laboratory in Manitoba, through the support of O.R.S.A. and private donations. This laboratory currently includes a cohort of male and female human brain tissues from RTT patients at different ages with age- and sex-matched non-RTT human control brains. An objective of Dr. Rastegar research program is to understand how molecular and cellular deficiencies in the human RTT brains lead to the associated disease phenotypes in patients. Her research program further seeks to determine what is commonly impacted amongst RTT patients and other RTT model systems. The outcome of her research studies is expected to identify novel therapeutic strategies for MeCP2-associated rare and common neurodevelopmental disorders that currently have no available cure.
Over the years, Dr. Rastegar’s research program has been supported by national, international, and local funding, and she has published over 50 peer-reviewed papers, 15 of them being on Rett Syndrome and MeCP2. Many of her trainees have been authors of these publications and her students have been successful in obtaining national scholarships including CIHR and NSERC studentships.
Dr. Rastegar is part of Board of Directors at the Canadian Society of Molecular Biosciences (CSMB). She is also an Editorial Board member of reputable journals such as Scientific Reports, Frontiers in Genetics, Neural Plasticity, Frontiers in Cell & Developmental Biology.
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) is a volunteer, not-for-profit charity for parents, caregivers, researchers, medical professionals and other interested support agencies and individuals. O.R.S.A. became incorporated in 1991. Its Board of Directors is comprised of parents and caring citizens. Support is provided to families regionally. The association funds Canadian research projects, three Rett Syndrome Clinics, bi-annual conferences and developed the Canadian Rett Syndrome Registry. O.R.S.A. advocates to the needs of individuals with Rett syndrome and their families provincially and nationally.
2019
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of two research grants totaling $150,000 from the Hope Fund for 2019. This is the largest amount approved in a single year. With this release, the Hope Fund has funded over $500,000 in Canadian research to date.
$100,000 is awarded to Dr. John Vincent and Dr. Juan Ausio. Their project, entitled Therapeutic small molecules and peptides targeting missense mutations in Rett Syndrome, hopes to find molecules that interact with mutant MECP2 proteins in such a way as to make good candidates for drug therapy. They have already received an award for free molecular design, which will be able to screen ~10 million molecules to find ones that will target specific residues within the MECP2 binding domain. They will then be able to test the successful candidate molecules to see which will reverse the molecular deficits in MECP2, paving the way for preclinical studies. Reviewers have stated that these “precision medicine approaches are at the forefront of neuroscience”.
$50,000 is awarded to Dr. James Eubanks for his project entitled A Preclinical Trial In MeCP2-Deficient Mice To Test The Repurposing Potential Of An FDA-Approved Drug For Use In Rett Syndrome. This proposal is aimed at providing symptomatic treatment to reduce the burden of mitochondrial dysfunction in Rett Syndrome, using an already-FDA-approved drug. This study is based on promising preliminary mouse data and is simple in concept and scope. It has the most immediate relevance to individuals with Rett syndrome as it is investigating the potential for a drug already in circulation to be used to ameliorate symptoms.
Grant applications were received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee which is comprised of impartial and prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada. O.R.S.A. would like to thank all those individuals that applied for this grant.
The Hope Fund was established in 2014.The funds for this research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
Dr John B. Vincent completed his Ph.D. at University College London, UK, in 1994. His work included early genetic studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with Profs. Hugh Gurling, Patrick Bolton and Sir Michael Rutter. After moving to Canada in 1995, he worked with Dr Jim Kennedy at the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, then with Dr Steve Scherer at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Since 2002, he has worked as a Senior Scientist at CAMH, and Professor, Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and cross-appointed as a full member in the Institute of Medical Science at the University of Toronto. His work is mainly on the genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders, including Rett syndrome, focussing on X-linked genes such as MECP2 and PTCHD1, as well as identifying many new autosomal recessive genes through studying consanguineous families. Many of the genes discovered have since become integrated in standard genetic diagnostic testing gene panels. In 2004, he co-authored a seminal paper on the identification of an alternative version (isoform) of the Rett syndrome protein, MeCP2, and identifying the first Rett mutation in MECP2 exon 1, with the implication that this new version is the relevant isoform for Rett syndrome (Mnatzakanian et al, 2004). This has since been shown by numerous studies to be correct (e.g. Yasui et al, 2014). Dr Vincent’s group also identified the gene PTCHD1 as a new X-linked gene for ASD (Marshall et al, 2008; Noor et al, 2010; Chaudhry et al, 2015; Ung et al, 2018). Dr Vincent has published over 150 peer-reviewed research papers, including 11 on Rett syndrome and MECP2.
Dr. Juan Ausió, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology at the University of Victoria, BC, Canada. He received his B. Sc. from the University of Barcelona, Catalonia, (Spain). He received a M.Sc. and a Ph. D. from the University of Barcelona, Catalonia, (Spain) in 1976 and 1980, respectively. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the Polymer Department at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, from 1981-1984 and at the Department. of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA from 1984-1986. From 1986-1988 he became a Senior Research Associate at Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. In 1988-1989 he was appointed Colaborador Cientifico at the Spanish Research Council at the Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. He has been a Faculty member of the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology at the University of Victoria since January 1990, where he is currently a full Professor. Dr. Juan Ausió’s research interests focus on structural characterization of biological macromolecular assemblies, and nuclear proteins with special emphasis on chromosomal protein-DNA interactions. Current research includes studies on methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and its role in the modulation of neural cell chromatin organization and function with special emphasis on the alterations arising from Rett-syndrome-related MeCP2 mutations. Dr. Ausió has been the co-organizer of several European Rett syndrome meetings: The First International meeting of the Spanish Association of Rett Syndrome (AESR) in Spain (July 2017) and “Rett syndrome research, towards the future” in Italy (September 2018).
Dr. Eubanks is a neurobiologist at the Krembil Research Institute in Toronto, Canada – the home of the world champion Toronto Raptors. Dr. Eubanks came to Toronto in 1992, and started his own independent laboratory in 1994. The focus of his work at that time focused on defining how epigenetic factors influence the sensitivity of the brain to epilepsy and stroke. In the early 90’s, MeCP2 was one of a relatively small number of epigenetic factors that had been identified, which is why his group was examining MeCP2 before its role in Rett syndrome was revealed. With the identification in 1999 that MECP2 mutations cause Rett syndrome, his interests shifted towards delineating how MeCP2 normally regulates brain development and function, and to identifying how the absence of MeCP2 affects brain activity. By identifying deficits caused by MeCP2 dysfunction, his work has identified targets for rationale drug development programs working to develop Rett syndrome treatments. The first clinical trial based on his research has now received approval from Health Canada and will soon begin. Dr. Eubanks conducted his training in the United States, where he received a bachelor’s degree from the University of California, Davis, and a PhD degree from the University of California, San Diego. Upon completion of his Doctoral degree, he then conducted postdoctoral training at the Salk Institute and at Duke University before coming to Toronto. He is currently a Senior Scientist and Division Head at the Krembil Research Institute in Toronto, and a Professor at the University of Toronto. He is member of the Scientific Advisory Board for the Ontario Rett Syndrome Association, the International Rett Syndrome Foundation, and the University of Toronto Epilepsy Research Program. His lab is currently funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Ontario Brain Institute, the LouLou Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health.
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) is a volunteer, not-for-profit charity for parents, caregivers, researchers, medical professionals and other interested support agencies and individuals. O.R.S.A. became incorporated in 1991. Its Board of Directors is comprised of parents and caring citizens. Support is provided to families regionally. The association funds Canadian research projects, three Rett Syndrome Clinics, bi-annual conferences and developed the Canadian Rett Syndrome Registry. O.R.S.A. advocates to the needs of individuals with Rett syndrome and their families provincially and nationally.
2018
The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of two $25,000 Research Grants from the Hope Fund for 2018. This is the fourth year in a row that the Hope Fund has awarded grants totaling $250,000!
The first $25,000 grant was awarded to Dr Mojgan Rastegar from the University of Manitoba. Dr Mojgan Rastegar plans to further study the role of metformin (a current and commonly available drug, used most frequently in the treatment in diabetes) as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of Rett Syndrome. Metformin is thought to possibly stimulate the key system that is underactive in Rett Syndrome. There is already a considerable amount of preliminary data to support this line of reasoning. This study aims to help take this “to the next level”. Dr Rastegar has been a prominent Rett Syndrome researcher for a number of years, and is a past grant winner who has shown passion, dedication, and persistence toward Rett research.
The second $25,000 grant was awarded to Dr Kerry Delaney to study neural connectivity in mosaic brain tissues using newer optogenetic techniques, hoping to shed further light on the clinical implications of the real-world heterozygosity in female Rett syndrome brains. It is hoped that this preliminary study may lay the foundation for future studies and for larger CIHR grant applications. It also will help to bring new researchers into the Rett field. One reviewer has described this proposal as being “at the cutting edge of technology, and addresses an area that until now has remained untouchable”.
These applications were received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee that comprised impartial and prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada.
2017
London Ontario – May 5, 2017 – The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of a $100,000 Research Grant to Dr. David Grynspan (Pediatric Pathologist, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON). The study is entitled “Treatment Strategies for Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Rett Syndrome” and Dr. Grynspan’s collaborators for this work include Professor William Staines of the University of Ottawa and Dr. Sarah Schock, Research Associate at the CHEO Research Institute. This application was one of several received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee that comprised of prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada.
This study aims to identify drugs able to restore normal intestinal function in Rett mice. The goal is that this would lead to effective drug therapy for intestinal dysmotility in Rett humans, and perhaps help to develop therapies for reversing neuronal connectivity problems in Rett brains. It is a rather novel approach in that this study plans to evaluate the enteric (ie- gut) nervous system, rather than directly studying the central nervous system as in most other studies. It is felt that this study, given its novel approach and its focus on a very common area of clinical concern, would be of scientific value to the research community at large as well as of great interest to the families most directly supported by O.R.S.A.
The Hope Fund was established in 2014. This is the third grant being released from this fund and the largest grant released by O.R.S.A. to date. The funds for this research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
2016
London, Ontario – April 29, 2016 – The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of two $25,000 Research Grants from The Hope Fund. The Hope Fund was established in 2014 and this is the second year that grants have been released from this fund. The funds for these research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
The first $25,000 grant was awarded to Dr. James Eubanks from Toronto Western Hospital with an application entitled “Testing new read-through drugs for prospective treatment of Rett Syndrome”. Testing new read-through drugs for prospective treatment of Rett Syndrome”. This study aims to evaluate the potential for newer drugs to overcome certain genetic mutations found in Rett Syndrome, in turn leading to production of a normal MeCP2 protein. This could potentially lead to further studies geared toward larger therapeutic development. This study has been peer-reviewed by 3 separate and unbiased reviewers and has been unanimously endorsed as highly relevant and very feasible.
The second $25,000 grant was awarded to Dr Mojgan Rastegar from the University of Manitoba. Her study is entitled “MeCP2 mutation and Rett Syndrome; Investigating the brain-specific molecular signature of murine and human RTT brain”. These applications were received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee that comprised impartial and prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada. This study aims to evaluate the potential differences in male vs female brains (both mouse and human) with Rett Syndrome mutations. The rationale for this is that most people with Rett Syndrome are female, yet many of the studies to date have been conducted on male mouse models. Dr. Rastegar aims to evaluate if there are significant differences here and if this needs to be further evaluated for future planned studies.
2015
London, Ontario – March 27, 2015 – The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association (O.R.S.A.) Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of a $50,000 Research Grant to a joint grant application from Dr. Juan Ausio (Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, BC) and Dr. John Vincent (Neurogenetics, University of Toronto).
Their application was one of several received and evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee that comprised of prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada. It is entitled “Translational correlation of MeCP2 chromatin alterations in male and female missense mutations” and is a collaboration between two world-renowned investigators, with concise and achievable objectives.
The project revolves around the study of specific identified mutations in Rett syndrome (RTT) and aims to further the understanding of the pathogenesis of RTT and develop new insights into the factors affecting clinical phenotypes in RTT. DNA is the molecule responsible for the storage, retrieval and replication of the genetic material. In the nucleus of the cell, DNA interacts with proteins known as histones and the resulting association is called chromatin. In the brain, an additional highly abundant chromatin protein, MeCP2, is present that binds preferentially to methylated regions of DNA. Mutations of MeCP2 cause an impairment of the binding of this protein to DNA and hence to chromatin. Such alterations result in the Rett syndrome neurodevelopmental disease. Mutations of MeCP2 across the entire MeCP2 molecule are deleterious to different extents, all of them leading to Rett cases with different degrees of severity. However, neither the reason for this, nor the alterations of chromatin responsible, nor their relation to the extent of severity of the Rett syndrome outcomes are clearly understood. The idea behind this project is to combine the expertise of two well established groups in Canada working on MeCP2 and Rett syndrome to address such questions for two novel mutations of MeCP2:( Ala2Val) identified in three girls with classic Rett syndrome), and (Prol 52His) affecting the methyl binding domain (MBD)I, identified in an adult male with intellectual disability with additional comorbid features. This could potentially lead to further future studies aimed at discovering newer drug therapies.
The Hope Fund was established in 2014. This is the first grant being released from this fund and the largest grant released by O.R.S.A. to date. The funds for this research grant were raised through donations and fundraising activities. O.R.S.A. continues to support research excellence and the development of a wide scope of Rett syndrome research across Canada.
2012
The board of O.R.S.A. unanimously approved the funding of up to $25,000.00 to sponsor the second Canadian Rett Syndrome Research Scientific meeting held on Thursday, April 26th, 2012. Over twenty-five researchers from across Canada came together at the Delta Meadowvale Hotel to meet each other, to share their RTT research project and to generate future research collaborations. In 2006 the first Canadian Rett Syndrome Research meeting was held in Vancouver, BC. O.R.S.A. provided funds towards the 2006 meeting. As expected the 2012 scientific meeting was a huge success. The difference from the 2006 meeting is there are over double the amount of researchers attending. Rett syndrome research in Canada is expanding rapidly. Findings from Canadian research projects are providing vital information to the world wide research community. O.R.S.A. is proud to fund and host this event and to support Canadian Rett syndrome research.
2011
London, Ontario – July 25, 2011 – The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of a $25,000 Research Grant to Dr. Yaron Finkelstein, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Toronto and staff physician at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.
Dr. Finkelstein’s research grant proposal submission, entitled Dose-Response Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Recombinant Human IGF-1 in Girls with Rett Syndrome, was evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee. This committee is comprised of prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada assisted by members of O.R.S.A.’s Board of Directors. Dr. Finkelstein’s project is a collaborative venture with Boston Children’s Hospital. Additional investigators involved include Matt Gregas, PhD, Ingrid Holm, MD, MPH, Omar Khwaja, MD, PhD, Leonard Rappaport, MD and Mriganka Sur, PhD.
2010
London, Ontario – September 20, 2010 – The Ontario Rett Syndrome Association Board of Directors has unanimously approved the funding of a $35,000 Research Grant to Dr. John J. Greer, PhD, AHFMR Scientist and Professor, Department of Physiology at the University of Alberta.
Dr. Greer’s research grant proposal submission, entitled Investigation of Respiratory Dysfunction in a Mouse, was evaluated by O.R.S.A.’s Research Advisory Committee. This committee is comprised of prominent neurologists, geneticists and scientists from across Canada assisted by members of O.R.S.A.’s Board of Directors. Dr. Greer’s project collaborators include Jun Ren, Postdoctoral Fellow and Wei Zhang, Research Associate.